Theology Central
Theology Central exists as a place of conversation and information for faculty and friends of Central Baptist Theological Seminary. Posts include seminary news, information, and opinion pieces about ministry, theology, and scholarship.Arguments vs Aesthetics
Over at First Things, Carl Trueman opines that traditionalists are losing the conflict over marriage and sexuality, not revisionists have a better argument, but because they have a more compelling aesthetic. He doesn’t think this situation is going to turn around any time soon. He writes,
At this point in time, it is very hard to see where traditionalists might seize the aesthetic advantage in the debates over sexuality and identity. It will be very hard to gain a narrative advantage for traditional positions. Not only do we not have significant access to pop-culture media, we must also acknowledge that, for every narrated story of a broken gay marriage or family, there will be just as many, if not more, from traditional marriages and families.
Substitute Beat for Bounce?
Tozer’s theory of Spirit filling was deficient in certain ways. But the following statement rings true, and what it talks about hasn’t got any better just because the styles have changed.
Then, also, the Spirit gave a bright, emotional quality to their religion, and I grieve before my God over the lack of this in our day. The emotional quality isn’t there. There is a sickliness about us all; we pump so hard trying to get a little drop of delight out of our old rusty well, and we write innumerable bouncy choruses, and we pump and pump until you can hear the old rusty thing squeak across forty acres. But it doesn’t work.
Tozer, A. W. How to Be Filled with the Holy Spirit (Kindle Locations 263-266). Kindle Edition.
LGBTQI Organization Aims to Organize Christian Students
Soulforce, an activitst LGBTQI organization, has launched a new publication called Kudzu. Here is the description.
Kudzu is a monthly publication of Soulforce geared towards student activists at Christian schools.
Through this newsletter, we aim to create a network of youth activists sprouting from ground of Christian higher education and establish sustainable solidarity through the shared goals of unearthing heteropatriarchy and white supremacy on their campuses.
Coming to a Christian campus near you.
George Washington’s Religion
Paul Gottfried asks, “Was Washington a Christian?” Here’s an excerpt:
These founders were most emphatically not modern secularists, and Washington was not an exponent of modern democracy. Our first president was a man of the eighteenth century, who believed in the benefits of property relations and gender-specific education, and, perhaps above all, as he tells us in his Farewell Address as president, in the public need for religious beliefs. In these respects, he was little different from the English monarch his countrymen broke from during the Revolution.
Miraculous Gifts and Mormonism
Osteen’s muddled comment about Latter-day Saints introduces an interesting point of discussion— especially since the founders of Mormonism claimed to experience the same supernatural phenomena that Pentecostals and charismatics experience today. At the dedication of the Kirtland Temple in 1836, Joseph Smith reported various types of charismatic phenomena— including tongues, prophecy, and miraculous visions. Other eyewitness accounts of that same event made similar claims: “There were great manifestations of power, such as speaking in tongues, seeing visions, administration of angels”; and, “There the Spirit of the Lord, as on the day of Pentecost, was profusely poured out. Hundreds of Elders spoke in tongues.” More than half a century before Charles Parham and the Pentecostals spoke in tongues, the Latter-day Saints reported similar outbursts, leading some historians to trace the roots of Pentecostalism back through Mormonism.
–MacArthur, John F. Strange Fire: The Danger of Offending the Holy Spirit with Counterfeit Worship (p. 51). Thomas Nelson.
Did the Early Church Worship?
A dear brother recently wrote to me asking whether there is any evidence that the New Testament churches engaged in worship. His question grew out of his background: the fundamental Baptist churches in which he had been reared did not worship (as that term is now understood), and the worship that he saw in churches today looked more like amusement. Here is part of my reply:
The fundamental Baptist churches in which we were reared did not place much emphasis upon worshipping God. In fact, certain species of fundamental Baptists denied that we were even supposed to worship Him, whether individually or corporately. For them, the entire focus was upon service, especially evangelism. Soulwinning was the only worship that God desired!
I think that was a badly deficient vision of what the church is and what it is for.
Perhaps some brief definition is in order. By worship I certainly do not mean that kind of business that is promoted by contemporary P&W (Praise and Worship) teams. Watching somebody put on a show is not worship by any acceptable definition. No, by worship I have in mind what is implied by the old Anglo-Saxon term, weorðscipe, “to ascribe value.” In right weorðscipe, the value ascribed corresponds to the thing valued, because of its value. The true and living God is of infinite value, not simply because of His benefits, but because of who He is. Worship, then, is a reflection back to God of His infinite, intrinsic worth predicated upon who He reveals Himself to be. Synonyms for worship are praise, admiration, and adoration.
Did New Testament believers, or the New Testament Church corporately, ever engage in worship? And should we as well?
Let me give you the simplest answer that I can. I think we agree that in the New Testament church, the Scriptures were read aloud. In fact, that is the only way that most people gained an acquaintance with the Bible—by hearing it read in church. For the moment, let’s leave aside those passages in the Old Testament that are devoted entirely to the worship of God. Let’s focus on the New Testament. When we open its pages, we find such passages as these:
Rom. 11:33, 36 – Oh, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments and how inscrutable his ways! For from him and through him and to him are all things. To him be glory forever. Amen.
Eph. 3:20-21 – Now to him who is able to do far more abundantly than all that we ask or think, according to the power at work within us, to him be glory in the church and in Christ Jesus throughout all generations, forever and ever. Amen.
1 Tim. 1:17 – To the King of ages, immortal, invisible, the only God, be honor and glory forever and ever. Amen.
1 Tim. 6:15b-16 – He who is the blessed and only Sovereign, the King of kings and Lord of lords, who alone has immortality, who dwells in unapproachable light, whom no one has ever seen or can see. To him be honor and eternal dominion. Amen.
Jude 24-25 – Now to him who is able to keep you from stumbling and to present you blameless before the presence of his glory with great joy, to the only God, our Savior, through Jesus Christ our Lord, be glory, majesty, dominion, and authority, before all time and now and forever. Amen.
Rev. 1:5b-6 – To him who loves us and has freed us from our sins by his blood and made us a kingdom, priests to his God and Father, to him be glory and dominion forever and ever. Amen.
Rev. 5:12, 13 – Worthy is the Lamb who was slain, to receive power and wealth and wisdom and might and honor and glory and blessing! …To him who sits on the throne and to the Lamb be blessing and honor and glory and might forever and ever!
Rev. 7:12 – Amen! Blessing and glory and wisdom and thanksgiving and honor and power and might be to our God forever and ever! Amen.
This list could be extended, and it includes only direct attributions of praise and adoration. These are direct expressions of worship in the text of the New Testament itself. Now just what do you think the church was doing when these Scriptures were read? Can any believer listen to such words in a detached and coldhearted way? Can you? Or do you not long to enter into the expression of wonder and to exult in the greatness and majesty of the God who is being adored?
You’ll notice that so far, I haven’t said a word about music. Worship is not equivalent to church music. But that is not to say that we should not employ music in the worship of God. We are, after all, supposed to be singing and strumming to the Lord with our hearts (Eph. 5:19). Right musical expressions are an important aspect of worship in the New Testament, just as they were in the Old Testament.
I think there’s plenty more in the New Testament about the church’s worship. I just wanted to give you one example of how the New Testament does teach on this topic. We learn, not only by looking at what the Bible says, but also at what the Bible does.
Not That It Would Ever Happen
From Tozer:
Our trouble is that we are trying to confirm the truth of Christianity by an appeal to external evidence. We are saying, “Well, look at this fellow. He can throw a baseball farther than anybody else and he is a Christian, therefore Christianity must be true.” “Here is a great statesman who believes the Bible. Therefore, the Bible must be true.” We quote Daniel Webster, or Roger Bacon. We write books to show that some scientist believed in Christianity: therefore, Christianity must be true. We are all the way out on the wrong track, brother! That is not New Testament Christianity at all. That is a pitiful, whimpering, drooling appeal to the flesh.
Tozer, A. W. How to Be Filled with the Holy Spirit (Kindle Locations 244-249). Kindle Edition.
How Should We Fight the Culture War?
John Goerke argues that tone is important.
“Right intention” means holding to an ideal of peace, to an ideal of the finer things in life. It is a striking feature of J.R.R. Tolkien that the smallest and most vulnerable of Middle-Earth’s inhabitants rise to be the bravest knights and the boldest spies. Hobbits are not warriors by trade; they are plump homebodies who would sooner polish off another pint of ale than polish the edge of a sword. Yet to keep the ale and the cheese and the merriment of a family around the fireplace, these tiny hobbits will outlast even the fiercest man on the battlefield. Even in the midst of war these hobbits sing songs the night before battle. The shrillness of the weekly mailings I have written of above undermines this common sense principle. To speak amongst ourselves in the harsh tones of protest and anger actively undermines the values for which we started speaking in the first place.
Matt Holst Challenges “Patriarchy Movement”
Writing for the Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals, Matt Holst challenges the contemporary Patriarchy Movement.
Popular now, for some thirty years, Christian Patriarchy, and its twin the “Quiver-full” movement, contain truths about headship, gender roles, and attitudes towards authority in the home. God has ordained such matters, but the question arises, what has God ordained concerning them?
Israel and the Temple Mount
Does Israel intend to change the status of the Temple Mount? Nadav Shagrai thinks that saying so should be illegal.
These accusations that the State of Israel is plotting to destroy the Al-Aqsa mosque or is conspiring to change the status quo on the holy site are blatant lies. Israel has no intention whatsoever to harm Al-Aqsa. As for the status quo, that has indeed changed dramatically — and now it grossly discriminates against Jews.
Canadian Baptists Contemplating Baptism
Ten years ago, John Piper attempted to convince Bethlehem to allow for non-immersed believers to be members. The plan never succeeded. Recently the Canadian Fellowship of Evangelical Baptists discussed doing the same thing. Read about it here.
http://www.fellowship.ca/MembershipBaptism
A Baptist church that doesn’t insist on immersion is like Roman Catholicism with no pope. Roman Catholicism without the pope is . . . Anglicanism. Baptists who permit sprinkling are . . . no longer Baptists, whatever they call themselves.
Bunyan: A Short Video Biography
Ryan Reeves or Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary offers a nice, little eight-minute biography of John Bunyan. View it on Youtube.
Agree to Disagree?
Trevin Wax at Kingdom People addresses the question of whether “traditionalists” and “revisionists” on sex and marriage can coexist within the same Christian organizations. Here’s his conclusion:
As the Sexual Revolution wreaks havoc in the lives of people around us, Christians have the opportunity to proclaim the Scripture’s moral clarity–not as a barrier to the faith, but as the beacon of light in a morally chaotic world. To be faithful in this time, the Church must be a haven of hope, a refuge in the midst of sexual chaos. We won’t be able to do that if we think the way forward is “agreeing to disagree.”
Evidence for Christianity
From Tozer:
There is another kind of evidence. It is the immediate evidence of the inner life. That is the evidence by which you know you are alive. If I were to prove that you weren’t alive, you would chuckle and go home just as alive as you are now and not a bit worried about it, because you have the instant, unmediated evidence of internal life. Jesus Christ wanted to take religion out of the external and make it internal and put it on the same level as life itself, so that a man knows he knows God the same as he knows he is himself and not somebody else. He knows he knows God the same as he knows he is alive and not dead. Only the Holy Ghost can do that. The Holy Spirit came to carry the evidence of Christianity from the books of apologetics into the human heart, and that is exactly what He does.
Tozer, A. W. How to Be Filled with the Holy Spirit (Kindle Locations 232-238). Kindle Edition.
The Danger of Dispensationalism
What’s wrong with the world? Turns out, it’s dispensationalism. Who knew?
Sadly, this understanding creates not only complete and utter apathy, but something far worse. Sure, there is apathy for the environment, and apathy for humanity, but, like a double-edged sword, also a promulgation of the very things dispensationalists believe must take place before the end can come, before they can go to their party in the sky.
Read more from Matthew Distefano at Unfundamentalist Christians.
Snoeberger on Literal Interpretation
Mark Snoeberger is a professor at our sister institution, Detroit Baptist Theological Seminary. He has written has a useful post on literal interpretation. He highlights two problems: first, a danger that literal interpreters face, and second, the problem of nomenclature. He finds a template for addressing the second problem in Constitutional law. Mark packs quite a bit into a short essay. Here’s an excerpt:
There is much to be said for the need to expand our quest for meaning beyond mere words to include the historical context and theological presuppositions/framework of the writers. To fixate too narrowly on the words is often to miss the forest for the trees, theologically speaking. And for dispensationalists who live in perpetual suspicion of “theological systems,” this threat is a real one.
The New Atlantis Report on Sexuality and Gender
A couple of quotations:
You can download a PDF of the report here.
Catch Al Mohler’s comments here.
Ralph Turk
While he never attended Central Seminary, Ralph Turk pastored in Minnesota and was for a while part of the Central Seminary environment. He was also one of the professors, and briefly dean, at the seminary I attended. One of the most memorable courses I ever took was a seminar in Kierkegaard that Turk hosted in his living room. It’s gratifying to see our friends at Dispensational Publishing House giving him some recognition and publishing some of his shorter work. Here are his “Ten Principles for Life and Living.”
InterVarsity Position Statement on Human Sexuality
This position is also going to determine employment with IVCF, according to Time. Download the position paper at Scribd. Here is a sample.
It is important to distinguish between attraction and sexual behavior. Jesus was “tempted in every way, just as we are—yet he did not sin” (Hebrews 4:15). Presumably, this included the experience of sexual attraction. Sexual attraction, whether opposite-sex or same-sex, is clearly not sin, unless it turns into lust or improper sexual behavior (Matthew 5:27-28). Certainly, not crossing over the line into temptation is something we all struggle with. Specifically relating to same-sex attraction, the late apologist John Stott put it this way: “We . . . distinguish between a homosexual inclination . . . and homosexual physical practices” (Same-Sex Partnerships?).
Some devout believers are same-sex-attracted but seek to remain celibate (see Wesley Hill’s Washed and Waiting and Michael Ford’s Wounded Prophet: A Portrait of Henri J. M. Nouwen). They merit our praise. We can fail them by (1) acting as if we have it all together and are not broken in our own sexuality; (2) encouraging them to act unbiblically on their desires; or (3) condemning same-sex attraction as sin.
On its Facebook page, InterVarsity added the following response to the Time article.
You may have seen this evening’s article in TIME about InterVarsity.
We’re disappointed that Elizabeth Dias’ headline and article wrongly stated that InterVarsity is firing employees for supporting gay marriage. That is not the case. In fact, InterVarsity doesn’t have a policy regarding employee views on civil marriage.
We know that LGBTQI people have experienced great pain, including much caused by Christians. We also know that we ourselves each need Jesus’ grace daily. So we attempt to walk humbly in this conversation.
We do continue to hold to an orthodox view of human sexuality and Christian marriage, as you can read in our Theology of Human Sexuality Document at the bottom of the article.
That said, we believe Christlikeness, for our part, includes both embracing Scripture’s teachings on human sexuality—uncomfortable and difficult as they may be—as well as upholding the dignity of all people, because we are all made in God’s image.
Some will argue this cannot be done. We believe that we must if we want to be faithful followers of Jesus.
Within InterVarsity and elsewhere in the Church, there are LGBTQI people who agree with this theology, at great personal cost. We are learning together to follow Jesus.
Walter Kaiser on Private Property
From an Old Testament perspective, of course. This is Kaiser, after all. Read the whole paper at the Institute for Faith, Work, and Economics. Here’s an excerpt:
Scripture teaches that possessions and property may be acquired, for example, under certain conditions by way of reward. Thus even the ox is to remain unmuzzled as it tramps out the grain (Deut. 25:4) and mortals are similarly entitled to appropriate rewards for their labors (1 Cor. 9:9–11). Moreover, all deliberate withholding of wages that are due workers are roundly condemned (Lev. 19:13), because fairness and justice demands the proper pay for honest labor. On the other hand, any gains made through dishonesty must not be given any place in a believer’s life (Eph. 4:28; Prov. 11:1; 21:6; Hos. 12:7; Mic. 6:10–11). That is exactly how stealing is defined.
Possessions and property may also be acquired through inheritance (Deut. 21:16; Prov. 19:14), but even here there is a warning against discrimination (Deut. 21:16). Later on in Israel, only the eldest son received a double portion according to the Mosaic legislation, but this seems to be roughly equivalent to our laws that allow for the executor of the will (in addition to being an heir) to receive a larger portion than the other heirs who are required to pay the executor for the work of distributing the contents of the parents’ will.
Finally, possessions or property could be gained by industriousness (Prov. 10:4; 13:4; 14:23), wisdom (Prov. 3:16; 24:3), or by the development of insight (Prov. 14:15). The book of Proverbs, in particular, stressed the merits of doing a job with pride, satisfaction, and excellence (Prov. 12:24).
APPLICATION & AID